The Dutch built the Orange city in 1622. Upon the completion in 1640, the city was renamed Fort Zeelandia, including the inner and the outer forts. The inner fort is a three-story square building, with the basement as a warehouse and a bastion at each of the four corners on the upper level of the two above-ground floors. Between each two corners there are the north, east, and south gates. On the lintel of the north gate, the words T'CASTEEL ZEELDIA GEBOUWED ANNO 1634 (Fort Zeelandia Built 1634) are inscribed. A bastion was also built at each corner of the lower level, with a semicircular barrack in the middle of the sides of the foundation, and a well at the center of each semicircular barrack.In the north there is a small gate and a stairway leading to the underground magazine. There are battlements on both the lower and upper levels, on the protruding bastions there are watchtowers and turrets, and each bastion is equipped with five cannons The entire fortress is bonded with mortar made with glutinous rice juice, syrup, sand, and powered oyster shells. Today, a few sections of the city wall and a semicircular bastion survive, and the scale of the remains of the Anping Old Fort is the largest.After the Portuguese discovered the route from Europe to the Far East via the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) in the late 15th century, western (European) powers began their eastward movement. First, the Portuguese occupied Macao and set consulates along the southeastern coast of China. Then Spain followed suit, and Japan the next. The Dutch wishing to have trade with the Ming Empire was thus under extreme pressure.In the late 17th century, the Dutch invaded Penghu twice, but all were defeated by the Ming Empire. In September 1623, Admiral Cornelis Reijersen led his troops build a facility at Anping Harbor. The Dutch troop demolished the facility after withdrawing from the place as the Ming Empire fought ...